Growing season evapotranspiration in boreal fens in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region: Variability and environmental controls     

Olena Volik  Eric Kessel  Adam Green  Richard Petrone  Jonathan Price 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14020

Current efforts to assess changes to the wetland hydrology caused by growing anthropogenic pressures in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) require well-founded spatial and temporal estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ET), which is the dominant component of the water budget in this region. This study assessed growing season (May–September) and peak growing season (July) ET variability at a treed moderate-rich fen and treed poor fen (in 2013–2018), open poor fen (in 2011–2014), and saline fen (in 2015–2018) using eddy covariance technique and a set of complementary environmental data. Seasonal fluctuations in ET were positively related to net radiation, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit and followed trends typical for the Boreal Plains (BP) and AOSR with highest rates in June–July. However, no strong effect of water table position on ET was found. Strong surface control on ET is evident from lower ET values than potential evapotranspiration (PET); the lowest ET/PET was observed at saline fen, followed by open fen, moderately treed fen, and heavily treed fen, suggesting a strong influence of vegetation on water loss. In most years PET exceeded precipitation (P), and positive relations between P/PET and ET were observed with the highest July ET rates occurring under P/PET ~1. However, during months with P/PET > 1, increased P/PET was associated with decreased July ET. With respect to 30-year mean values of air temperature and P in the area, both dry and wet, cool and warm growing seasons (GS) were observed. No clear trends between ET values and GS wetness/coldness were found, but all wet GS were characterized by peak growing seasons with high daily ET variability.  相似文献   

Understanding the relative impacts of natural processes and human activities on the hydrology of the Central Rift Valley lakes,East Africa          下载免费PDF全文

Wondwosen M. Seyoum  Adam M. Milewski  Michael C. Durham 《水文研究》2015,29(19):4312-4324

Significant changes have been observed in the hydrology of Central Rift Valley (CRV) lakes in Ethiopia, East Africa as a result of both natural processes and human activities during the past three decades. This study applied an integrated approach (remote sensing, hydrologic modelling, and statistical analysis) to understand the relative effects of natural processes and human activities over a sparsely gauged CRV basin. Lake storage estimates were calculated from a hydrologic model constructed without inputs from human impacts such as water abstraction and compared with satellite‐based (observed) lake storage measurements to characterize the magnitude of human‐induced impacts. A non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test was used to detect the presence of climatic trends (e.g. a decreasing or increasing trends in precipitation), while the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) analysis was used to assess the long‐term, inter‐annual climate variability within the basin. Results indicate human activities (e.g. abstraction) significantly contributed to the changes in the hydrology of the lakes, while no statistically significant climatic trend was seen in the basin, however inter‐annual natural climate variability, extreme dryness, and prolonged drought has negatively affected the lakes. The relative contributions of natural and human‐induced impacts on the lakes were quantified and evaluated by comparing hydrographs of the CRV lakes. Lake Abiyata has lost ~6.5 m in total lake height between 1985 and 2006, 70% (~4.5 m) of the loss has been attributed to human‐induced causes, whereas the remaining 30% is related to natural climate variability. The relative impact analysis utilized in this study could potentially be used to better plan and create effective water‐management practices in the basin and demonstrates the utility of this integrated methodology for similar studies assessing the relative natural and human‐induced impacts on lakes in data sparse areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

内蒙古分区地壳速度模型的建立及应用分析     

赵艳红  舒雷  刘永梅  张珂  尹占军 《中国地震》2018,34(4):731-744

内蒙古测震台网自"十五"数字化网络建成以来,一直使用华南速度模型。多年的大震速报和地震编目结果显示,华南速度模型不符合内蒙古地区的地质构造特征; 2016年开始使用的内蒙古2015速度模型也不能完全满足内蒙古各区域地震定位的需求。本文对内蒙古地区2009～2016年记录的所有M_L≥3.0地震震相数据利用速度拟合和折合走时方法,反演适合内蒙古西部、东部、中部各区域的分区地壳速度结构模型,并对西部速度模型、东部速度模型、中部速度模型进行应用对比分析。各分区的地壳速度模型定位误差较小,可靠性和稳定性优势明显。  相似文献   

辽东铀成矿带连山关地区韧性剪切带与铀成矿作用     

吴迪  刘永江  李伟民  常瑞虹 《岩石学报》2020,36(8):2571-2588

连山关地区位于华北克拉通北缘铀成矿省辽东铀成矿带，已知铀矿床（点）均发育在韧性剪切带附近。为了解韧性剪切带运动学、几何学构造变形机制及与铀矿的关系，本文以连山关岩体周缘韧性剪切带为研究对象，通过野外宏观调查和室内微观研究相结合的研究方法，探讨构造变形期次、韧性剪切带形成机理及其对铀成矿的控制作用。研究表明：连山关岩体周缘发育的韧性剪切带与近南北向挤压构造变形有关，其右行韧性剪切带应变类型为压扁应变，属于一般压缩-平面应变范围，Flinn指数K值在0.19~0.69之间，岩石类型属于S/SL型构造岩。研究区内铀矿体均为隐伏盲矿体，主要赋存于沿着连山关岩体和辽河群接触带右行剪切作用形成的背斜褶皱核部，和北东东向断裂关系密切。综合分析认为，连山关岩体南缘北西向韧性剪切带为一级控矿构造，是区内铀矿热液运移的通道，而剪切带边部的晚期北东东向断裂则是铀矿储存空间；铀源可能来自于太古宙古风化壳，并在大型韧性剪切活动（提供热液运移通道）和基性脉岩侵入（提供热源和还原剂）等综合因素作用下运移、富集成矿。  相似文献   

华北板块北缘中段二叠纪岩浆岩年代学、地球化学及锆石Hf同位素测试数据集          下载免费PDF全文

王文龙  刘洋  赵利刚  滕飞  杨泽黎 《中国地质》2020,47(S1):32-39

华北板块北缘中段位于华北板块与白乃庙弧的结合处，以赤峰-白云鄂博断裂为界，南、北归属不同的大地构造单元，并且具有不同的基底属性。二叠纪岩浆岩在华北板块北缘广泛分布，断裂带两侧均有出露，源区组成十分复杂，制约着对其岩石成因及构造背景的深刻认识。本文通过对横跨赤峰–白云鄂博断裂的“北柳图庙幅等4幅区调”和“乌兰布拉格幅等2幅区调”2个项目的1∶50 000区调工作，共计6个1∶50 000图幅内的二叠纪岩浆岩的年代学、地球化学及锆石Hf同位素测试数据进行整合、分析，为进一步研究华北板块北缘中段二叠纪岩浆岩的源区及构造-岩浆演化过程提供详实的数据支撑。区内二叠纪侵入岩广泛出露，岩石类型以花岗闪长岩、（石英）闪长岩及二长花岗岩为主，并含有少量的正长花岗岩。二叠纪火山岩主要分布在断裂带以南，岩性包括安山质、英安质及少量流纹质火山岩。锆石U–Pb测年表明工作区内二叠纪岩浆岩的形成时代主要为中–晚二叠世，断裂带南北两侧的岩浆岩具有截然不同的锆石Hf同位素特征，总体而言，南侧相对富集，北侧相对亏损。本数据集包括3个.xls类型文件（Zircon U–Pb dating data.xls，Zircon Hf isotope data.xls，Whole-rock geochemistry data.xls），分别记录了104件样品的地球化学数据、16件样品的锆石U–Pb测年数据和12件样品的锆石Hf同位素数据。本数据集测试样品主要在中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心实验测试中心完成，数据质量可靠。  相似文献   

Tropical cyclones and multiscale climate variability: The active western North Pacific Typhoon season of 2018     

Wu  Liang  Zhang  Hongjie  Feng  Tao  Tang  Yulian 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(1):1-11

The 2018 typhoon season in the western North Pacific(WNP) was highly active, with 26 named tropical cyclones(TCs) from June to November, which exceeded the climatological mean(22) and was the second busiest season over the past twenty years. More TCs formed in the eastern region of the WNP and the northern region of the South China Sea(SCS). More TCs took the northeast quadrant in the WNP, recurving from northwestward to northward and causing heavy damages in China's Mainland(69.73 billion yuan) in 2018. Multiscale climate variability is conducive to an active season via an enhanced monsoon trough and a weakened subtropical high in the WNP. The large-scale backgrounds in 2018 showed a favorable environment for TCs established by a developing central Pacific(CP) El Ni?o and positive Pacific meridional mode(PMM)episode on interannual timescales. The tropical central Pacific(TCP) SST forcing exhibits primary control on TCs in the WNP and large-scale circulations, which are insensitive to the PMM. During CP El Ni?o years, anomalous convection associated with the TCP warming leads to significantly increased anomalous cyclonic circulation in the WNP because of a Gill-type Rossby wave response. As a result, the weakened subtropical high and enhanced monsoon trough shift eastward and northward, which favor TC genesis and development. Although such increased TC activity in 2018 might be slightly suppressed by interdecadal climate variability, it was mostly attributed to the favorable interannual background. In addition, high-frequency climate signals,such as intraseasonal oscillations(ISOs) and synoptic-scale disturbances(SSDs), interacted with the enhanced monsoon trough and strongly modulated regional TC genesis and development in 2018.  相似文献   

华北克拉通北缘显生宙四次底侵作用及其构造-岩浆活动与深部背景     

邵济安  周新华  张履桥 《地学前缘》2020,27(4):124-134

通过对华北克拉通北缘显生宙四次(P₁,T₃,J₁,K₁)底侵作用的研究,将华北克拉通的活化与岩石圈深部地幔物质的底辟体上涌联系起来。不同阶段底侵作用在岩浆来源深度、与构造格局关系、对地壳垂向增生的贡献、幔源物质脉动式上涌等方面的差异与变化,显示它们是一个分阶段连续热演化的深部过程,其动力学机制是深部的高热流和地幔物质的向上运移。对应于地幔物质上涌,必然存在同期的地幔底辟体隆起的岩石圈结构变化。通过对华北中生代盆山系形成机制的讨论,认为该区高分辨率面波层析成像所显示的地幔底辟体上涌的特征可以反映中生代岩石圈底侵作用的深部背景。  相似文献   

基于深度学习的钨钼找矿靶区预测方法研究     

蔡惠慧  朱伟  李孜轩  刘园园  李龙斌  刘畅 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(6):928-936

随着矿产勘查工作由浅部矿向深部隐伏矿、由易识别矿向难识别矿发展,找矿难度日益增大,地质专家越来越重视新理论、新方法、新技术的应用。深度学习作为人工智能的前沿领域/技术,对于实现矿产资源预测“智能化预测评价”具有得天独厚的优势。本文以陕西省镇安县西部钨钼矿集区单元素化探异常原始数据为基础,提出了基于深度学习的钨钼矿产评价方法。该方法以归一化地球化学数据作为模型训练数据,通过深度学习中深度自编码网络方法实现异常值提取进而识别重点成矿有利地段,实现矿产资源找矿远景区定性预测。研究结果表明,在对957条单元素化探异常原始数据分类且做好模型标签后,整个过程在计算机的“黑盒子”中自动完成学习和预测,相较于传统预测研究方法,本文方法具有自动化程度高和客观性强的特征。此外,本文利用已知矿点构建训练数据集,采用随机森林方法对预测区进行矿产资源找矿靶区预测圈定,为进一步缩小找矿靶区范围提供科学依据。  相似文献